秦皇岛拓展训练基地

户外拓展培训对团队决策能力的培养

Outdoor Development Training for Team Decision-making Ability

户外拓展主要由水上、野外和场地三种类型组成。其中，水上项目包括扎筏、划艇等；野外课程包括穿越、露营、登山等；场地课程则是在专门的训练场地上，利用各种设施，开展针对团队以及个人设计的各项拓展培训活动。让参与者通过这些训练项目经历心理挑战的锻炼，磨练战胜困难的毅力，在这个平台上大家充分体验个人与团体之间的关系，通过团队学习感受团队文化给自己带来的价值，建立团队成员之间的开放心态和相互信任，从而培养团队决策能力。

Outdoor development mainly consists of three types: water, field and site. Among them, water projects include rafting, canoeing and so on; field courses include crossing, camping, mountain climbing and so on; site courses are in special training sites, using various facilities to carry out outreach training activities designed for teams and individuals. Through these training projects, participants can experience psychological challenges, and hone their perseverance to overcome difficulties. On this platform, we can fully experience the relationship between individuals and groups, feel the value of team culture through team learning, and establish an open mind and mutual trust among team members, so as to cultivate team decision-making ability.

有效的拓展培训

Effective Outward Bound Training

培训前后沟通能力、认同感等四个维度都发生明显的变化，都有一定程度的提高，说明培训是有效的。训练结果显示，尤其是沟通程度有较为明显的提高，大部分成员在破冰及后几次的拓展项目培训后，团队中因个人人格特质、或工作职位的高低而被忽略其表达意见的情况明显减少，虽然团体中难免会因彼此的意见不一而产生冲突，但是能够将冲突透过沟通、协调的方式来达成团队间的共识是相当重要的，因此一个有效的团队决策是必须从良好的沟通中获得。

Before and after the training, communication ability, identity and other four dimensions have changed significantly, and have improved to a certain extent, indicating that the training is effective. The training results show that, especially the communication level has been significantly improved. After ice-breaking and the subsequent outreach project training, the majority of members in the team have been neglected to express their opinions because of their personal personality traits, or the level of their job positions. Although there will inevitably be conflicts among the groups due to their different opinions, they can communicate and coordinate conflicts through communication. The way to achieve consensus among teams is very important, so an effective team decision-making must be obtained from good communication.

认同感

Sense of identity

它是凝聚彼此的向心力，当团队中的每个成员都能对自己所处组织的目标、宗旨产生认同感时，可以促使成员朝既定的理想更努力不懈地迈进，同时它能够聚集团队的力量形成强大的势力激励彼此更上一层楼。在进行拓展项目时，由于多数会成功地完成项目，这无疑是加深了对自己团队成员的认同感。因此，认同感的提高也是说明拓展培训起到一定作用的指标。

It is the centripetal force of cohesion, when each member of the team can identify with the goals and purposes of the organization they are in, it can urge members to move towards the established ideals more diligently and unremittingly. At the same time, it can gather the strength of the team to form a powerful force to motivate each other to go up a higher level. When developing projects, because most of them will successfully complete the project, this undoubtedly deepens the recognition of their team members. Therefore, the improvement of identity is also an indicator that outward bound training plays a certain role.

授权与否

Authorization or not

授权即团队中管理层是否将全力下放，可能比较难看出培训前后短期内的差异。在团队决策中是需要有相当的授权。过度集权会造成团队成员产生不信任感，此时团队决策将流于一种形式，无法具体发挥其功用；反之，若实行充分的授权，团队成员认为自己所作出的决定都是有效用的，且在决策过程中发生困难时上层主管给予大力支持时，成员会为这个团体更尽心尽力，因为他们认为这个团体是我们的，而不是某一个人的。

It may be difficult to see the short-term difference between pre-training and post-training in terms of delegation of authority, i.e. whether management in the team will devolve all efforts. There is a need for considerable delegation of authority in team decision-making. Excessive centralization will cause distrust among team members, and team decision-making will become a formality and not be able to play its role in practice. On the contrary, if fully empowered, team members think that their decisions are effective, and when difficulties arise in the decision-making process, the team members will do their best for the group because of him. They think this group is ours, not someone else's.

决策方式

Decision making mode

在决策方式这个维度培训前后变化也不大，因为团队决策氛围区别个人决策及团队决策，因为这两种决策有好有坏，当事情急迫时，以个人决策较好；但以决策质量、决策精确性来说，团队决策是较好的选择，依据不同的情况选择不同的决策方式。通过访谈得知该团队成员经过系统的拓展培训后，在遇到困难情景时，成员对于是选择个人决策还是团队决策，主观上选择的方式更明确、更果断。

In the dimension of decision-making mode, there is little change before and after training, because the team decision-making atmosphere distinguishes between individual decision-making and team decision-making, because the two kinds of decision-making are good or bad, when things are urgent, individual decision-making is better; but in terms of decision-making quality and decision-making accuracy, team decision-making is a better choice, and different decision-making methods are chosen according to different situations. Through interviews, it is known that after systematic outreach training, when faced with difficult situations, members of the team are more clear and decisive in their subjective choice of individual decision-making or team decision-making.

项目实践

Project practice

穿越电网等项目是让队员在拓展培训开始之前给团队成员一个相互了解的机会，同时艰难的穿越路线也为团队成员创造了相互帮助，加深友谊的好时机。艰难的穿越路线同时也考验了学员体能和意识品质，培养了学员相互帮助的精神和坚强的意志；而作为一个团队进行穿越，也培养了学员的团队意识与集体荣誉感，这样也有效的将学员们聚集起来共同思考问题，进而增进学员之间的团结和友谊。通过对解决困难的决策方式的过程，打破成员间的隔阂，让每个成员都能够积极地参与。

Crossing the power grid and other projects is a good opportunity for team members to understand each other before the start of outreach training. At the same time, the difficult crossing routes also create a good opportunity for team members to help each other and deepen friendship. Difficult crossing routes also test the physical and conscious qualities of students, cultivate the spirit and strong will of students to help each other; and as a team crossing, it also cultivates the sense of team awareness and collective honor of students, which also effectively gathers students to think together, thereby enhancing the unity and friendship between students. Through the decision-making process to solve the difficulties, break the barriers between members, so that each member can actively participate.